نشریه پرستاری و مامایی ارومیه
سال دوازدهم شماره 12 (پیاپی 65، اسفند 1393)

Due to the increas ing of the cesarean operations in Iran as a health problem and its effects on maternal mortality, this study aims to determine the prediction of the type of delivery according to the T heory of Planed B ehaviors (TPB). This study was conducted using descriptive-analytic method in the second half of 2012 and the first half of 2013 on 392 pregnant women admitted to the women’s clinics of Baqiyatallah and Najmieh hospitals in Tehran. The data were collected through a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior variables such as knowledge, attitudes, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm and behavioral intention. Data were analyzed u sing SPSS software version 16, and logistic regression. The mean age of the mothers under study was 27.6 + 4.5. O ut of 392 pregnant studied wome n, 218 (58.1%) had chosen a vaginal delivery, while 157 (41.9%) had chosen cesarean delivery. Among the theory of planned behavior variables, the subjective norm variable can predict the pregnant women’s informed choice (Wald=49.74). Other effective variables are knowledge, attitudes and perceived behavioral control, respectively. The subjective norm (social factor) was identified as the most effective factor to predict informed delivery choice type. Therefore, along with educational programs to promote awareness and attitude of young women about natural delivery, it is recommended to encourage and promote natural childbirth by specialists including obstetric and gynecologists by using legislation and monitoring.

Problem based, self-directed and small group learning is an educational approach in the most education programs of universities in the world. Students achieve to self-directed learning, acquire critical thinking skills and get to know with team work process. Unfortunately there is not valid and reliable scale to assess students’ individual performance in Iran. The aim of this study is assessing psychometric properties of nursing students’ individual performance scale in small group tutorials in the research methods class. In this exploratory design study, with 120 nursing students sample size, students’ individual performance scale in small group tutorials was translated and adapted culturally. Then its content, face, criterion validity, internal consistency and interrater reliability were determined by 15 faculty members of Iran and Urmia Universities of Medical Sciences. Pearson correlation, alpha chronbach and Kapa coefficient were used to data analysis. Items 1, 2, 14, and 19 were corrected by experts in qualitative content validity method. Items number 5, 6, 8, and 19 had CVI ranging from 0/70 to 0/79 that were revised. The range of CVR scores was 0/60- 1. The criterion related validity coefficient was 0/78. The scale’s internal consistency reliability using alpha chronbach and interrater reliability were 0/83 and 0/88 respectively. Iranian norm of students’ individual performance scale in small group tutorials with optimal psychometric properties can be used to assess nursing students’ individual performance in small group tutorials in nursing research course. Researchers and teachers can use this scale in all academic educations to assess students’ performance.

Diabetes is a chronic disease with multiple complications due to the nature of the disease that requires continuous education. To the active participation of patients in the education process, group discussion plays an important role in improving the performance, quality of life and controlling the complications. The main aim of this education is enhancing patient’s self-management behaviors. This study aims was determining the effects of group discussion on self-management abilities in patients with diabetes type 2. In this experimental study, 90 patients of Khoy Diabetes Center were selected and randomly divided into two groups. For the intervention group, self-management interventions were given in the form of group discussion in 8 sessions for three months. The control group received routine care and treatment. Data collection tools included demographic information and LIN self- management questionnaire. Data analysis was done by using SPSS version 16. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed. The independent t-test showed that after the group discussion, difference in the five components of the self-management was significant (p <001) between intervention and control groups. A group discussion is an effective educational method to improve the self-management of patients with diabetes. Group discussions not only reduced the complications of diabetes, but also they enhanced overall health in this group of patients.

Tramadol is an opioid analgesic drug that is used to reduce moderate to severe pain. By considering the side effect s of Diclofenac, its us age and associated toxicity have been increased recently. Determining the p revalence of tramadol toxicity can provide suitable information for managers in this field. T his research has been carried out based on by this purpose. In this descriptive study which was conducted in Taleghani hospital, documents of all patients who referred the emergency ward with poisoning diagnosis were investigated during 1390. Prevalence of tramadol poisoning comparing to the other kinds of poisoning was 91.2% in men, and 65.5% in singles. Young people (aged 18 to 28) had the highest consumption of 68%. 17.5% of patients have take n other tablets with tramadol, 38.1% of them had symptoms of a seizure. 61.9% of patients were hospitalized for less than two days. B y considering high prevalence of poisoning of tramadol especially among young people and its side effects on physical and mental health, providing facilit ies to enhanc e people’ information and education by health care providers is necessary, and it is highly recommended.

Medication errors are one of the most common causes of preventable health care Errors. Nursing personnel play an important role in patients care, and medication errors are serious threats for patient safety and nursing career. This study has been done in 2010 in order to evaluate nursing-related factors influencing medication error incidence in Sanandaj University of Medical Science University Hospitals. This research is a descriptive analytical study in which 100 nurses participated. To collect the data, a two dimensional questionnaire was used. It included first demographic information (age, years of experience, and educational status) and second, questions about medication error in 5 compasses. The data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16), Chi-square and descriptive tests. The results showed that all of the participants have committed medication error.19% of the nurses had 3 errors, 13%, 1 error. Most common medication errors were taking wrong patient, taking wrong drug, mal- prescription, errors in dose and time of the drugs. Team work and nursing index (age, educations) are important factors in Medication errors, so to avoid the medication errors, special attention should be paid for the quality of team and organizational work.

The aim of this study was comparison of Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy on anxiety levels of patients experiencing coronary angiography. This study was a quasi-experimental three groups clinical trial. Community search was patients with undergoing coronary angiography. This study was performed on 102 patients hospitalized for coronary angiography in S ari Fatemeh-Zahra hospital, Iran in 2013. They were selected based on purposive sampling and randomly divided to control(n=33), Benson Relaxation(n=34)and Aromatherapy(n=33) groups. Spielberger scale was used to measure the anxiety, and the data were analyzed by using descriptive and analytic statistics. After using Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy, the anxiety level decreased significantly. The difference was significant (p < 0/05) between the mean numbers of Benson Relaxation and control groups, and between Aromatherapy and control groups. B ut the results showed no significant statistical difference between the Benson Relaxation and Aromatherapy groups after the intervention. The variables of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiratory rate in the Aromas and Relaxation groups reduced significantly comparing to the control group. According to finding of this study, using aromatherapy and relaxation before stressful situation s like diagnostic technics, could be used to keep anxiety level in normal range. F or de creasing anxiety, applying complementary methods are highly recommended.

Nowadays infertility problem has become a social concern and is associated with numerous social and psychological problems. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and marital satisfaction among infertile women based on their infertility factor. The sample group was 50 women with female infertility factor and 50 women with male infertility factor. The participants contacted upon their treatment course with Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Mehr infertility clinic. ENRICH marital satisfaction questionnaire and Sarason social support questionnaire were used during this study. For data analysis beside descriptive statistic, T test, chi-squared (χ²) and Pearson’s correlation were used. Data analysis showed that women with female infertility factor received less social support comparing to the women with male infertility factor. Also the level of marital satisfaction in women with male infertility factor was more than women with female infertility factor (P<0/019). There is relationship between marital satisfaction and social support in infertile women. The results showed there is a significant relationship between social support and marital satisfaction in infertile women. Also women based on their infertility factor have different attitude toward seeking social support.

Nurses face high level of fatigue due to work environment and industrial life. Researchers are interested to investigate about fatigue and its effects on nurses. The aim of present study is assessing the effect of aerobic exercise (stretching exercise) on the fatigue severity of nurses working in NICU. This is a single group before and after quasi -experimental research. Fifty nurses were selected from NICU in the hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The instruments for data collection included: "Demographic questionnaire," "Fatigue Severity Scale", and "stretching exercises daily checklist record". Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (version 20), and repeated measures analysis. Benferroni post hoc test was used to compare mean fatigue severity, and Turkey's post hoc test used for comparing mean intergroup fatigue severity. The n urses’ fatigue severity before exercise was 6.45. Mean percentage of fatigue decrease after four weeks exercise was 5.02%, and after 8 weeks it was 6.93%. The difference was significant statistically (p<0.05). According to the finding, aerobic exercise (stretching exercise) decreases the nurses’ fatigue in NICUs. So it is proposed as a strategy for reduction of nurses’ fatigue severity in NICUs.

Angiography is a stressful process for most patients. Physiological responses to stress, during of angiography, has the consequence of possibility of dysrhythmia, coronary artery spasm or rupture. T his study aimed to compare the effect of peer education, and orientation tour on the stress in patients undergoing coronary artery angiography. In a quasi-experimental study in 2014, 177 patients referred to selected hospital of AJA University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, were recruited by convenience sampling and with a day gap among the three groups, peer education, orientation tours and controls (n = 59 per group) were randomized. Stress was measured in all patients on admission. In the department of angiography, patients were trained in peer and orientation tour group, by a peer person and the researcher, respectively. In the control group routine care was performed. In the next step, stress was measured two hours before angiography. Data collection tools were individual characteristics questionnaire and the standardized questionnaires on stress, anxiety and depression (DASS-21). Its validity and reliability was confirmed. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software and Chi-square test, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Wilcoxon and Mann-whitney test. Before the intervention, stress scores among the three groups had no significant difference (P=0.52). Stress scores in peer group (from 8.92±3.57 to 5.34±3.40) and in orientation tour (from 9.61±3.41 to 5.37±3.72) significantly reduced (P=0/00), and in control group (from 8.98 ± 4.03 to 10.31±4.12) significantly increased (P=0.04). In the two groups of peer education and orientation tour, stress score s were not significantly different after the intervention(P=0.83). Peer education and orientation tour reduced equally stress in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Therefore, use of any of these pedagogical approaches to fit the conditions and possibilities is recommended.

Development of a successful career in the field of organization is an important factor. L ack of it has implications for health policy, organizational structure and its performance. This study aimed to describe nurse's experiences of barriers to organizational empowerment. A qualitative design using a conventional content analysis approach was applied for data gathering and analysis. In this study, 18 nurses, and nurse directors in North-west of Iran were recruited through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. The data analysis result s are catogorized in 2 main categories (personal factors and organizational structure) and six subcategories: Dignity and value, non-client focused tasks, insufficient self-confidence, inadequate organizational support, lack of up-to-date knowledge, and professional motivation. The study showed barriers affecting the ability of nurses who are often hidden in the quantitative studies. It seems that by dispel ling these barriers, the quality of nursing abilities can be improve d.

This s tudy tries to investigate the relationship between mental health and internal factors among public health students in Urmia Medical Sciences University. Internal factors of the university are studied in three dimensions as cultural, educational and welfare factors. The statistical population included all BSc. degree female students of Public Health faculty in Urmia Medical Sciences University. From 5 00 individuals, 220 students were chosen based on Morgan table and random sampling. The research method is descriptive – correlation al one. For data collection, two types of questionnaires on Goldberg general health and internal factors of university have been used. T heir reliabilities were estimated by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.84 and 0.82. Data analysis is performed by SPSS software, using descriptive and inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression. The results show that between the quality of work life and optimized performance is a positive correlation (qua Fair pay with r=0.117), Safe working environment with r=0.119, Provid ing promotion opportunities with r= 0.279, and Social ties with r= 0.223 which are related to improvement of performance. Therefore, it is recommended to the administrators of the universities to pay more attention to the quality of employees working life in order to achieve optimal performance. The main findings include d that there are significant correlation between the cultural, educational and mental health among female students. Also, results of the regression test show ed that only counseling facilities could estimate mental health, so administers should pay more attention to the cultural, educational and welfare factors.